What is stored in $message by the code that follows? $message = "The file is in \"C:\\My Documents\"";

What is stored in $message by the code that follows?
$message = "The file is in \"C:\\My Documents\"";

Answer: The file is in "C:\My Documents"

Which PHP function returns a string with all special HTML converted to the HTML entity?

Which PHP function returns a string with all special HTML converted to the HTML entity?

Answer: htmlentities

When you use the substr function to extract a substring, you need to at least pass an argument that gives

When you use the substr function to extract a substring, you need to at least pass an argument that gives

Answer: the starting position of the substring

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below? echo date('M. d, Y');

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below?
echo date('M. d, Y');

Answer: Dec. 25, 2014

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be provided by the code below?

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be provided by the code below?

echo date('F d, Y');


Answer: December 25, 2014

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below?

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below?

echo date('n/j/y');


Answer: 12/25/14

Timestamps will encounter a(n) _____ problem if they are not converted to DateTime objects.

Timestamps will encounter a(n) _____ problem if they are not converted to DateTime objects.

Answer: Y2K38

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the following code?

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the following code?

echo date('n/j/y');


Answer: 12/25/14

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below?

If the date is December 25, 2014, what output would be produced by the code below?

echo date('n/d/y h:i A');


Answer: 12/25/2014 12:00 AM

Which of the following statements is NOT a valid way to create a timestamp named $birthdate that represents December 2, 1969?

Which of the following statements is NOT a valid way to create a timestamp named $birthdate that represents December 2, 1969?

Answer: $birthdate = mktime(12, 2, 1969);

Which method of a DateTime object can be used to determine an amount of time between two dates or times?

Which method of a DateTime object can be used to determine an amount of time between two dates or times?

Answer: diff

A _____ is an integer that represents a date and time as the number of seconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.

A _____ is an integer that represents a date and time as the number of seconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.

Answer: timestamp

When you create a DateInterval object, you pass it one argument that specifies one or more of the following:

When you create a DateInterval object, you pass it one argument that specifies one or more of the following:

Answer: years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds

Which of the following is a PHP function for sorting arrays?

Which of the following is a PHP function for sorting arrays?

Answer: all of these

Which of the following is a PHP function that is used to count the number of times each value in an array is used?

Which of the following is a PHP function that is used to count the number of times each value in an array is used?

Answer: array_count_values

Which of the following is a PHP function that shuffles the values in an array in a random order?

Which of the following is a PHP function that shuffles the values in an array in a random order?

Answer: shuffle

What output would be produced by the code below?

What output would be produced by the code below?

Answer: $names = array('Ron Burgundy', 'Brick Tamland', 'Champ Kind', 'Veronica Corningstone', 'Brian Fantana');
echo $names[1];
Brick Tamland

Which of the following is a PHP function that returns the sum of the elements in an array?

Which of the following is a PHP function that returns the sum of the elements in an array?

Answer: array_sum

Suppose an array of country codes and country names is created with a statement like this:

Suppose an array of country codes and country names is created with a statement like this:

$country_codes = array('DEU => 'Germeny', 'JPN' => "Japan', 'ARG" => 'Argentina', 'USA' => 'United States');
If you want to use echo statements to display a table of all of the codes and names, you could code those statements within a loop that starts like this:
foreach ($country_codes as $code => $name) {

What will the value of the $totals_string variable be after the following code is executed?

What will the value of the $totals_string variable be after the following code is executed?

$totals = array(141.95, 212.95, 411, 10.95);
$totals[2] = 312.95;
$totals_string = '';
for ($i = 0; $i < count($totals); $i++){
$totals_string .= $totals[$i] . "|";
}
141.95|212.95|312.95|10.95|

The easiest way to add the values in an array is to use

The easiest way to add the values in an array is to use

Answer: the array_sum function

You can deal with gaps in an array in all but one of the following ways. Which one is it?

You can deal with gaps in an array in all but one of the following ways. Which one is it?

Answer: Use the array_fill function to replace all gaps in the array with empty strings

Which of the following statements about associative arrays is NOT true?

Which of the following statements about associative arrays is NOT true?

Answer: You can use a foreach loop to access the values of an associative array but not the indexes

Which of the following is a parameter of the setcookie function?

Which of the following is a parameter of the setcookie function?

Answer: all of these

If a request is not sent, a session will end by default after ________________ have passed.

If a request is not sent, a session will end by default after ________________ have passed.

Answer: 24 minutes

When you use session tracking, each HTTP request includes

When you use session tracking, each HTTP request includes

Answer: a cookie that stores the session ID

Once a session is started, which autoglobal can be used to get and set the user's data for a session?

Once a session is started, which autoglobal can be used to get and set the user's data for a session?

Answer: $_SESSION

To get the value of a cookie, you can use the autoglobal ______________ variable.

To get the value of a cookie, you can use the autoglobal ______________ variable.

Answer: $_COOKIE

Which PHP function is used to create a cookie?

Which PHP function is used to create a cookie?

Answer: setcookie

_____ provide a way for a web application to store information in the user's web browser and retrieve it every time the user requests a page.

_____ provide a way for a web application to store information in the user's web browser and retrieve it every time the user requests a page.

Answer: Cookies

The $_SESSION variable for a session

The $_SESSION variable for a session

Answer: is an associative array

Which PHP function can be used to end a session?

Which PHP function can be used to end a session?

Answer: session_destroy

To delete a cookie, you

To delete a cookie, you

Answer: set the cookie's value to an empty string and its expiration date to a time in the past

Which PHP function can be used to determine if an object is an instance of a class?

Which PHP function can be used to determine if an object is an instance of a class?

Answer: is_a

Which of the following is a special method executed when a new object is created from a class?

Which of the following is a special method executed when a new object is created from a class?

Answer: constructor

A fundamental concept of object-oriented programming that groups related data and functionality in a class is called ____________________.

A fundamental concept of object-oriented programming that groups related data and functionality in a class is called ____________________.

Answer: encapsulation

Which of the following are variables that store the data for a class?

Which of the following are variables that store the data for a class?

Answer: properties

Which PHP function can be used to check if a specified class has been defined?

Which PHP function can be used to check if a specified class has been defined?

Answer: class_exists

To refer to a public property named categoryName for an object that's referenced by $category, you code

To refer to a public property named categoryName for an object that's referenced by $category, you code

Answer: $category->categoryName

A subclass can ____________ the superclass by adding new properties and methods.

A subclass can ____________ the superclass by adding new properties and methods.

Answer: extend

To create an object from a class named Cart that requires two arguments, you code

To create an object from a class named Cart that requires two arguments, you code

Answer: new Cart($arg1, $arg2)

When a new class extends a superclass, it inherits the properties and methods of the superclass. Then, it can

When a new class extends a superclass, it inherits the properties and methods of the superclass. Then, it can

Answer: override the inherited methods

To prevent other classes from directly accessing the properties of a class, you can code them as private. Then, to make them available to other classes, you can code

To prevent other classes from directly accessing the properties of a class, you can code them as private. Then, to make them available to other classes, you can code

Answer: public methods to set and get their values

Which method of passing a variable allows the function to change the value of the variable?

Which method of passing a variable allows the function to change the value of the variable?

Answer: by reference

A variable declared inside a PHP function would be considered a ____________ variable.

A variable declared inside a PHP function would be considered a ____________ variable.

Answer: local

By default, all arguments passed to PHP functions are passed by ________________.

By default, all arguments passed to PHP functions are passed by ________________.

Answer: value

When creating functions, you can include ______________ that are located inside parentheses after the function name.

When creating functions, you can include ______________ that are located inside parentheses after the function name.

Answer: parameters

To avoid the duplication of function names, you can

To avoid the duplication of function names, you can

Answer: Use namespaces

Which term describes locations in the code that have access to a variable?

Which term describes locations in the code that have access to a variable?

Answer: scope

Which of the following is a nested function that has access to the outer function's local variables?

Which of the following is a nested function that has access to the outer function's local variables?

Answer: closure

Which of the following is a function that is passed as an argument to another function?

Which of the following is a function that is passed as an argument to another function?

Answer: callback

If you create a function that passes an argument by reference, the function

If you create a function that passes an argument by reference, the function

Answer: can change the original variable without using a return statement

All of the arguments that are passed to a function are available in an array that can be accessed by using the

All of the arguments that are passed to a function are available in an array that can be accessed by using the

Answer: func_get_args function

Which of the following will match any character that is NOT a letter, number, or underscore in a PHP regular expression?

Which of the following will match any character that is NOT a letter, number, or underscore in a PHP regular expression?

Answer: \W

If you want to code a catch block that catches all types of exceptions and gets the message associated with the exception, you start the catch block like this:

If you want to code a catch block that catches all types of exceptions and gets the message associated with the exception, you start the catch block like this:

Answer: catch (Exception $e) {

Which character is used to signify the beginning or the end of a word in a PHP regular expression?

Which character is used to signify the beginning or the end of a word in a PHP regular expression?

Answer: \b

This pattern can be used to validate a five-digit zip code:

This pattern can be used to validate a five-digit zip code:

Answer: /^\d{5}$/

Which of the following will match a new line in a PHP regular expression?

Which of the following will match a new line in a PHP regular expression?

Answer: /n

Which of the following are coded patterns that you can use to search for matching patterns in text strings?

Which of the following are coded patterns that you can use to search for matching patterns in text strings?

Answer: regular expressions

A list of functions or methods in the reverse order in which they were called is a(n)_____.

A list of functions or methods in the reverse order in which they were called is a(n)_____.

Answer: stack trace

What modifier can be added to the end of a regular expression in PHP to make it case insensitive?

What modifier can be added to the end of a regular expression in PHP to make it case insensitive?

Answer: i

Which function searches for a regular expression in a string and returns 1 if the pattern is found?

Which function searches for a regular expression in a string and returns 1 if the pattern is found?

Answer: preg_match

How many normal forms exist for databases?

How many normal forms exist for databases?

Answer: 7

If two tables have a one-to-many relationship, you may need to add a _____ column to the table on the "many" side.

If two tables have a one-to-many relationship, you may need to add a _____ column to the table on the "many" side.

Answer: foreign key

A database is typically considered normalized if it is in _____ normal form.

A database is typically considered normalized if it is in _____ normal form.

Answer: third

It is usually NOT a good idea to create an index for a column when:

It is usually NOT a good idea to create an index for a column when:

Answer: the column is frequently updated

To be in the third normal form:

To be in the third normal form:

Answer: each non-key column must depend only on the primary key

Which of the following does NOT violate the referential integrity of a database?

Which of the following does NOT violate the referential integrity of a database?

Answer: deleting a row in a foreign key table without deleting the related row in the related primary key table

To be in the first normal form, each cell in a table must contain:

To be in the first normal form, each cell in a table must contain:

Answer: a single, scalar value

Which of the following ensures that relationships between tables are maintained correctly?

Which of the following ensures that relationships between tables are maintained correctly?

Answer: referential integrity

When you identify the data elements in a new database, you typically subdivide data elements into:

When you identify the data elements in a new database, you typically subdivide data elements into:

Answer: the smallest practical components

Every row in a table should be uniquely identified by a ________________ key.

Every row in a table should be uniquely identified by a ________________ key.

Answer: primary

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database allows you to write code that is portable across different database servers?

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database allows you to write code that is portable across different database servers?

Answer: PDO MySQL driver extension

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database provides both an object-oriented and procedural interface?

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database provides both an object-oriented and procedural interface?

Answer: mysqli extension

In the object-oriented interface for mysqli, you can use the query method to run a SELECT statement. In the procedural interface, you use this function:

In the object-oriented interface for mysqli, you can use the query method to run a SELECT statement. In the procedural interface, you use this function:

Answer: mysqli_query

MySQL provides a(n) _____ that specifies how any application can work with MySQL.

MySQL provides a(n) _____ that specifies how any application can work with MySQL.

Answer: API

Which method of a PHP Data Object can be used to execute dynamic INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements?

Which method of a PHP Data Object can be used to execute dynamic INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements?

Answer: exec

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database is no longer under active development?

Which of the following methods of using PHP to connect to a MySQL database is no longer under active development?

Answer: mysql extension

When you use the exception error mode with PDO objects, you can:

When you use the exception error mode with PDO objects, you can:

Answer: use try-catch statements to handle the exceptions that occur

The lastInsertID method of the PDO class:

The lastInsertID method of the PDO class:

Answer: gets the ID for the last record with an auto-increment ID that has been inserted into a database

The prepare method of a PDO object:

The prepare method of a PDO object:

Answer: must be run before values are assigned to the parameters in a prepared statement

One disadvantage of using mysqli is that it

One disadvantage of using mysqli is that it

Answer: can only be used with MySQL

Which clause in a SQL statement will only allow the retrieval of a maximum number of rows?

Which clause in a SQL statement will only allow the retrieval of a maximum number of rows?

Answer: LIMIT

If introduced as follows, the subquery can return which of the values listed below?FROM (subquery)

If introduced as follows, the subquery can return which of the values listed below?FROM (subquery)

Answer: a table

Which of the following is used as a wildcard in a SQL statement to specify that all columns should be retrieved?

Which of the following is used as a wildcard in a SQL statement to specify that all columns should be retrieved?

Answer: asterisk (*)

In a SQL statement, the _____ clause specifies the rows to retrieve.

In a SQL statement, the _____ clause specifies the rows to retrieve.

Answer: WHERE

A _____ is used in a SQL statement to combine columns from two or more tables into a result set.

A _____ is used in a SQL statement to combine columns from two or more tables into a result set.

Answer: join

Which of the following is NOT a comparison operator in a SQL statement?

Which of the following is NOT a comparison operator in a SQL statement?

Answer: !=

_____ functions perform calculations on the values in a set of selected rows in a SQL query.

_____ functions perform calculations on the values in a set of selected rows in a SQL query.

Answer: Aggregate

In a join, column names need to be qualified only

In a join, column names need to be qualified only

Answer: when the same names are used in both tables

Which of the following LIMIT clauses will return a maximum of five rows starting with the eleventh row in the result set?

Which of the following LIMIT clauses will return a maximum of five rows starting with the eleventh row in the result set?

Answer: LIMIT 10, 5

Which of the following isn't a valid column alias?

Which of the following isn't a valid column alias?

Answer: total sales

_____ is a markup language that is used by many bulletin board systems.

_____ is a markup language that is used by many bulletin board systems.

Answer: Bulletin Board Code (BBCode)

A _____ for a web site is a series of web pages that make it easy for users with little knowledge of HTML to manage the content of the web site.

A _____ for a web site is a series of web pages that make it easy for users with little knowledge of HTML to manage the content of the web site.

Answer: content management system

General-purpose files are often called _____ files because they can be used by many applications.

General-purpose files are often called _____ files because they can be used by many applications.

Answer: utility

In the website that uses the MVC pattern, it's common to store the files for each application within the site in a single _____ .

In the website that uses the MVC pattern, it's common to store the files for each application within the site in a single _____ .

Answer: directory

The include _____ for a PHP application tells where to look for the files specified by the include and require functions.

The include _____ for a PHP application tells where to look for the files specified by the include and require functions.

Answer: path

When you develop a content management system, you can use PHP's string-handling functions to parse the user entries and apply the _____ for formatting the content in the browser.

When you develop a content management system, you can use PHP's string-handling functions to parse the user entries and apply the _____ for formatting the content in the browser.

Answer: HTML

For a web site that implements the MVC pattern, there is usually one controller file

For a web site that implements the MVC pattern, there is usually one controller file

Answer: for each application

To set the include path for a web site, you can use the

To set the include path for a web site, you can use the

Answer: set_include_path function

Include files may include all but one of the types of files that follow. Which one is it?

Include files may include all but one of the types of files that follow. Which one is it?

Answer: controller

When you use PHP to format the data that's entered into a content management system, you

When you use PHP to format the data that's entered into a content management system, you

Answer: add HTML tags to the data wherever necessary

Besides SSL, which of the following is another protocol that can be used for a secure connection?

Besides SSL, which of the following is another protocol that can be used for a secure connection?

Answer: TLS

Which of the following is a PHP function used to encrypt a string?

Which of the following is a PHP function used to encrypt a string?

Answer: sha1

_____ is the process of determining whether a server or client is who and what it claims to be.

_____ is the process of determining whether a server or client is who and what it claims to be.

Answer: Authentication

The URL for a secure connection starts with _____ .

The URL for a secure connection starts with _____ .

Answer: HTTPS

Encryption and decryption algorithms are known as _____ .

Encryption and decryption algorithms are known as _____ .

Answer: ciphers

Sites that process payments or collect sensitive personal information should use at least _____ -bit SSL.

Sites that process payments or collect sensitive personal information should use at least _____ -bit SSL.

Answer: 128

To perform a redirect, you can begin by using the _____ array to check if the current request is using a secure connection.

To perform a redirect, you can begin by using the _____ array to check if the current request is using a secure connection.

Answer: $_SERVER

The $_SERVER array contains data that can be used to

The $_SERVER array contains data that can be used to

Answer: redirect a page to a secure connection

The maximum SSL methods strength for an application's connections is determined by

The maximum SSL methods strength for an application's connections is determined by

Answer: the digital secure certificate

Before a server uses SSL to transmit data to a client, it

Before a server uses SSL to transmit data to a client, it

Answer: provides a digital secure certificate to the client

Attributes that limit the type of data that a column can store are called _____ .

Attributes that limit the type of data that a column can store are called _____ .

Answer: constraints

Which MySQL data type is typically used for variable-length strings?

Which MySQL data type is typically used for variable-length strings?

Answer: VARCHAR

Which SQL statement will select a database?

Which SQL statement will select a database?

Answer: USE

Which of the following is NOT a SQL privilege for working with data?

Which of the following is NOT a SQL privilege for working with data?

Answer: ALTER

Which of the following is NOT a SQL privilege for modifying the structure of a database?

Which of the following is NOT a SQL privilege for modifying the structure of a database?

Answer: DELETE

Which SQL statement can be used to modify the columns of an existing table?

Which SQL statement can be used to modify the columns of an existing table?

Answer: ALTER TABLE

Which of the following isn't a privilege for modifying the database structure that can be assigned to a user?

Which of the following isn't a privilege for modifying the database structure that can be assigned to a user?

Answer: KEYS

When you use MySQL, you can't code one of the following as part of a CREATE TABLE statement. Which one is it?

When you use MySQL, you can't code one of the following as part of a CREATE TABLE statement. Which one is it?

Answer: user privileges for the table

To add a column to a table after a database has been created, you can use the

To add a column to a table after a database has been created, you can use the

Answer: ALTER TABLE statement

An email _____ lets a user send and receive email messages.

An email _____ lets a user send and receive email messages.

Answer: client

What port is typically used when an SMTP server uses SSL encryption?

What port is typically used when an SMTP server uses SSL encryption?

Answer: 465

Which of the following is a protocol used by an email client to retrieve email messages?

Which of the following is a protocol used by an email client to retrieve email messages?

Answer: POP

_____ is a data format based on JavaScript that allows two servers to exchange data.

_____ is a data format based on JavaScript that allows two servers to exchange data.

Answer: JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)

Before you use the curl_exec function to execute a cURL session, you can set an option that determines

Before you use the curl_exec function to execute a cURL session, you can set an option that determines

Answer: how the data is returned

An email _____ sends and receives email on behalf of the user.

An email _____ sends and receives email on behalf of the user.

Answer: server

To retrieve emails, an email client uses _____ .

To retrieve emails, an email client uses _____ .

Answer: either b or c

Which of the following is often used when web sites transfer data to other sites?

Which of the following is often used when web sites transfer data to other sites?

Answer: JSON

Which of the following n is a mail package that can be installed to overcome the limitations of the built-in PHP mail function?

Which of the following n is a mail package that can be installed to overcome the limitations of the built-in PHP mail function?

Answer: PEAR

When you send an email with the PEAR Mail package, you pass these arguments to the method that sends the email:

When you send an email with the PEAR Mail package, you pass these arguments to the method that sends the email:

Answer: an array of headers, an array of recipients, and the body content

Which of the following separates the values in a CSV file?

Which of the following separates the values in a CSV file?

Answer: comma

To save a file that you've uploaded to a permanent location, you can use this PHP function:

To save a file that you've uploaded to a permanent location, you can use this PHP function:

Answer: move_uploaded_file

Which of these is a PHP function that gets information about an image?

Which of these is a PHP function that gets information about an image?

Answer: getimagesize

Which of the following is a mode used when opening a file with the fopen function in PHP?

Which of the following is a mode used when opening a file with the fopen function in PHP?

Answer: all of these

Which of these is a PHP function that reads a line from a specified file?

Which of these is a PHP function that reads a line from a specified file?

Answer: fgets

A truecolor image uses RGB values that consist of _____ shades of red, green, and blue.

A truecolor image uses RGB values that consist of _____ shades of red, green, and blue.

Answer: 256

Which of these is a PHP function that returns a string that specifies the current working directory?

Which of these is a PHP function that returns a string that specifies the current working directory?

Answer: getcwd

Which of these is a PHP function that deletes a file?

Which of these is a PHP function that deletes a file?

Answer: unlink

Which of these is a PHP function that returns an array containing a list of files and directories in a specified directory?

Which of these is a PHP function that returns an array containing a list of files and directories in a specified directory?

Answer: scandir

The code that follows saves the data that was in the $names array as

The code that follows saves the data that was in the $names array as

Answer:


$names = array('joelmurach', 'rayharris', 'mikemurach');
$names= implode("\n", $names);
file_put-contents('usernames.txt', $names);
a string with data items separated by new line characters

The view directory for a web site is normally used to store the view files that are used by more than one [1] , [2], [3] .

The view directory for a web site is normally used to store the view files that are used by more than one [1] , [2], [3] .

Answer: application, web page, page

_____ refinement refers to the process of making step-by-step improvements to the prototype for a web with review and evaluation after each step.

_____ refinement refers to the process of making step-by-step improvements to the prototype for a web with review and evaluation after each step.

Answer: Stepwise

The controller file for each application of a web site is commonly named _____ .

The controller file for each application of a web site is commonly named _____ .

Answer: index.php

The controller and view files for each application of a web site should be stored in a separate _____ .

The controller and view files for each application of a web site should be stored in a separate _____ .

Answer: directory

A(n) _____ is a working model of a web site that lets the intended users review and evaluate it.

A(n) _____ is a working model of a web site that lets the intended users review and evaluate it.

Answer: prototype